Review surveys thymosin alpha-1 as adjunct in cancer immunotherapy

The wire

1. 01The review compiles preclinical and clinical work on thymosin alpha-1, which promotes T-cell maturation and Th1 polarization, boosts natural killer activity and modulates dendritic cells, macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
2. 02Authors report the thymic peptide may improve immune infiltration in immunologically cold tumors and mitigate some immune-related adverse events when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors.
3. 03This is a narrative review, not new data; the authors state available clinical evidence remains limited and heterogeneous and outline research directions rather than practice change.

From the source

Thymosin α-1 in cancer therapy: Immunomodulatory mechanisms, clinical applications, and translational perspectives

European journal of pharmacology · 2026 Aug 26 · Chuang SC, Hung PC, Rethi L et al.